war act Essay - 1258 Words

he Lesson this week addresses the fifth course objective, specifically, how the Presidency operates. From the readings in Lesson 3, we discussed Congresss quandry regarding the employment of combat forces abroad. During the Vietnam Conflict, President Nixon employed hundreds of thousands of combat forces into Southeast Asia without approval of Congress. Eventually, Congress felt compelled to pass the War Powers Resolution of 1973 (over his veto). As such, the president can still employ troops abroad to defend US interests, but then is required to notify Congress of the employment within 48 hours, and then withdraw them within 60 days - unless Congress formally declares war or authorizes the use of military force. However, subsequent†¦show more content†¦It is generally agreed that the commander-in-chief role gives the President power to repel attacks against the United States[3][4] and makes the President responsible for leading the armed forces. In addition and as with all acts of the Congress, the President has the right to sign or veto congressional acts, such as a decla ration of war. During the Korean and Vietnam wars, the United States found itself involved for many years in situations of intense conflict without a declaration of war. Many members of Congress became concerned with the erosion of congressional authority to decide when the United States should become involved in a war or the use of armed forces that might lead to war. The credibility gap widened when news leaked out that President Nixon conducted secret bombings of Cambodia during the Vietnam War. He did not tell Congress about his military plan. The resolution was created because Congress felt that the president had too much power. The War Powers Resolution was passed by both the House of Representatives and Senate but was vetoed by President Richard Nixon. By a two-thirds vote in each house, Congress overrode the veto and enacted the joint resolution into law on November 7, 1973. Presidents have submitted 130[5] reports to Congress as a result of the War Powers Resolution, although only one (the Mayagà ¼ez incident) cited Section 4(a)(1) and specificallyShow MoreRelatedThe War Measures Act During The September Crisis1085 Words   |  5 Pagesof the War Measures Act during the October Crisis. This decision to invoke the War Measures Act during the October Crisis has led to a great deal of controversy on whether the act was justified. The October Crisis was a series of events in October 1970, these events began with the kidnappings of James Cross and later Pierre Laporte by the group known as the FLQ (Front de libà ©ration du Quà ©bec) the group’s main goals were to create an independent Quebec.2 The group resorted to terrorist acts in orderRead MoreWar on Terror: The Rise of the US PATRIOT Act Essay example2525 Words   |  11 Pagesâ€Å"The War on Terror: The Rising of the US PATRIOT Act† America, once considered the land of the free and the home of the brave. That was until, September 11, 2001 when terrorist succeeded with a planned attack on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon. That day â€Å"the United States government announced its intentions to begin a War on Terrorism (or War on Terror), a protracted struggle against terrorists and states that aid terrorists† (WAR ON TERROR). I think the terrorist attack that took placeRead MoreEssay about Bush and the Patriot Act: Declaring War on Our Rights?1598 Words   |  7 PagesBush and the Patriot Act: Declaring War on Our Rights?      Ã‚     When I decided to write this essay, I knew without hesitation that I would write about Washingtons response to the terrorist attacks that struck New York and Washington. I did not realize how difficult such an undertaking would be, as I find myself in a somewhat an uncomfortable position. Forcing myself to confront the issues at hand means deciding which freedoms are acceptable casualties in this war and for whom.   To allow AttorneyRead MoreEssay on American Civil War and Fugitive Slave Act743 Words   |  3 PagesUnited States, Howard Zinn takes about the slave rebellions, abolition movement, the Civil War, and these effects on African Americans. Zinn included this chapter to explain the life of African Americans before and after the Civil War and their treatment accordingly. Howard Zinn explains how the life of an African American remained cruel and taken advantage of through explaining the life of a slave before the War and then the mentality that whites were bett er than blacks that continued after, seen throughRead MoreThe Role of the Kansas-Nebraska Act in the Start of the Civil War1299 Words   |  6 PagesKansas-Nebraska Act was one of the most crucial events leading up to the Civil War. In 1854 the Kansas-Nebraska Act created territories for both Kansas and Nebraska. This gave a chance for people to move slavery to the Midwest. This put the center of attention on Kansas, because this was going to alter the balance between the North and the South. The territory we know as Kansas was better known as â€Å"Bleeding Kansas† due to all the violent clashes between the pro- and anti-slavery parties. The Act dividedRead MoreThe War Powers Act : Contending Interpretations And The Challenge Of Realpolitik3116 Words   |  13 PagesThe War Powers Act – Contending Interpretations and the Challenge of Realpolitik Introduction This paper discusses the War Powers Act/Resolution of 1973. Though this resolution was passed by Congress to give it more say in declaration of war and the deployment of American troops to foreign countries promising hostilities, this aim has hardly been achieved. The War Powers Act remains as one of the most contentious legal provisions in the American constitution and has been the subject of several debatesRead MoreA war crime is an unjust act of violence in which a military personnel violates the laws and1100 Words   |  5 PagesA war crime is an unjust act of violence in which a military personnel violates the laws and acceptable behaviors of a war. Despite all the violence in a war, a soldier shooting another is not considered a war crime because it is not a violation to the laws and practices of a war, and it is considered just. A war crime is defined as a â€Å"violations [violation] of the laws and customs of war† (â€Å"War Crimes†), and are attacks â€Å"ag ainst civilian populations, prisoners of war, or in some cases enemy soldiersRead MoreConstitutionality Of The War Powers Act946 Words   |  4 Pagesof the War Powers Act and the claim of executive privilege? Congress passed the War Powers Act that acknowledges the presidential right to take limited military action before receiving congressional approval, but requires him to file a formal report with Congress within forty-eight hours of initiating hostilities. The use of military action is limited to sixty days without congressional approval. An additional thirty days can be granted if it is necessary to withdraw the troops. The War PowersRead MoreThe War Powers Act of 1973 Essay1537 Words   |  7 PagesThe War Powers Act of 1973 The War Powers Act limits the power of the President of the United States to wage war without the approval of the Congress. The War Powers Act is also known as The War Powers Resolution. The purpose of the War Powers Resolution is to ensure that Congress and the President share in making decisions that may get the United States involved in hostilities. It prohibits the President from waging war beyond 60 days without the Congressional approval (MILNET: The War PowersRead MoreThe War Powers Act Essay example1044 Words   |  5 PagesThe War Powers Act The farmers of our Constitution recognized the need for separate powers as well as checks and balances among the executive, legislative and judicial branches. This in turn helps to provide for the common defense. Separation of powers prevents one branch from becoming excessively dominant over the United States, in order to form a more perfect Union, establish Justice, insure domestic Tranquility, provide for the common defense, promote the general Welfare and secure the

The Ambiguity of Plato Essay examples - 1959 Words

The Ambiguity of Plato For hundreds of years, Plato has been admired as a writer, a master rhetorician, an artist, and above all, a philosopher; however, Platos backlashes against sophistry and art have led to much confusion concerning his ideas and beliefs. John Poulakos says of Plato, [F]or most rhetoricians Plato has always played the same role he assigned to the sophists--the enemy (Nienkamp 1). Plato will always appear to be the skilled rhetorician or artist who speaks out against rhetoric and art. In Apology and Phaedrus we see the character of Socrates rail against writing because it can quickly get out of control of the author and just as easily be misinterpreted, yet Plato is known for his skillful dialogical writing. In†¦show more content†¦Plato says that oration is better because the orator can answer back directly any questions the audience might have. One can see Platos point in this belief. An authors words can be easily misconstrued and the original meanings lost; this is a fact th at can be witnessed everyday. How often do our own words get misconstrued in our day to day interactions with other people? In Phaedrus, Socrates says of the ambiguity of writing, [T]hose who think they can leave written instructions for an art, as well as those who accept them, thinking that writing can yield results that are clear or certain must be quite naà ¯ve (275c). Perhaps this is the reason that Plato chose to write in his dialogical format; however, his mastery of language and rhetorical devices still shines through in each of his works. Plato obviously has strong doubts that writing could help us achieve knowledge in any way. However, if Plato is correct in saying that writing is not as effective as discourse due to misinterpretation, he contradicts himself in the Apology. Socrates has a discourse with the jurors, but he is still not acquitted. We who read the text today are more likely to see the unjust trial of Socrates than those who witnessed the trial first hand. Socrates strong appeal with the added stupidity of his captors aids us in seeing the absurdity of the charges. In the Apology, philosophy becomes the one onShow MoreRelatedIn this paper I will discuss the Final Argument in Plato’s Phaedo. In this argument Socrates700 Words   |  3 Pagesand our souls will truly exist in another world (Plato, 1689).† This argument may be the most convincing of his arguments about the afterlife, but the way in which he comes to his conclusion that the soul is immortal and indestructible is flawed, and because of this, I find that Plato’s final argument is not sound and lacking validity. I feel this argument is an unsound deductive argument. In order to show evidence of this, I will examine how Plato reached his conclusion. The best way to examineRead MoreMartin Luther King Jr s Letter From Birmingham Jail1665 Words   |  7 Pageswanted freedom from segregation and Plato wanted freedom from ignorance. They both wanted justice, and knew that it was immoral to take deny another being justice. For example, Plato has said, â€Å"†¦ Injustice is always an evil and dishonor to him who acts unjustly.† This is similar to what Martin Luther King Jr has also stated in â€Å"Letters from Birmingham Jail†, â€Å"We have a moral responsibility to disobey any law that conflicts with the law of god.† (Paragraph 16) Both Plato and King followed similar philosophiesRead MoreEuthyphro-Plato: What is Holiness? Essay547 Words   |  3 PagesEuthyphro – Plato Holiness is a central theme in the Socratic dialogue with Euthyphro. Socrates has taken up the ironic role of a student in the narrative as he attempts to gain knowledge of what holiness entails, from Euthyphro. Socrates meets with Euthyphro as they meet at a court in Athens. He seeks to gain knowledge on holiness, such that, he can use the insights in his trial against Meletus. Earlier, Meletus had charged him for impiety in a court. This justifies the importance that has beenRead MoreCharacteristics Of The Tragedy Of Platos Apology1068 Words   |  5 PagesThe relationship of comedy and tragedy are often overlapped in meaning, notably in ancient Greek drama and arts. Comedy often presupposed tragedy and are known to compliment one another in literary work. Plato displayed the proper elements of adversity within the â€Å"Apology† and detailed the unfairness the democratic society of Athens presents by punishing an opposing, equally justified force. Socrates preforms his de fence arrogantly and sarcastically in the courtroom of Athens, humouring his own trialRead MoreConsiderations of Moral Leadership and Ideal Leadership in J Thomas Wrens Traditional Classics on Leadership671 Words   |  3 Pagesinitial fiction that was created or invented in response to the challenges of societal governance ¦ (p.13) Wren states that Plato was particularly astute in regards to implications for leaders in a democracy. (p.14) In a democracy, according to Wren the people do not recognize what is best for them, particularly with respect to who should lead them. (2007, p.14) Plato utilized allegorical methods to describe the problems of leading a democracy stating that the people honor as a good and profoundlyRead MoreProtagoras Answer to How Virtue Can be Taught by a Story About the Creation of Animals by the Gods1014 Words   |  5 Pagestheory from the expression of that theory) Protagoras embodies an attitude of unconcern and disregard for the true importance of p hilosophy. This attitude is characteristic of the Sophists, at least as they are represented in Platos dialogues. For Plato, the form an argument takes should be dictated by the requirements and merits of that argument. In the previous section, Protagoras emphasized that he, unlike other Sophists, did not hide his doctrine beneath appearance but stated it plainly and publiclyRead MoreHow Safety Is An Essential Human Need Essay1209 Words   |  5 Pageswriters, and practitioners. Therefore, this paper will focus on Plato, Plutarch, and Arendt’s understanding of safety in society as well as it will regard the modern conditions of the security components. Plato about Safety in a Society According to Plato, the state should pay particular attention to the soldiers who ensure its safety. It means that no other problems should detract the soldiers from their task to preserve safety. Plato understands security as an ‘aid,’ or a ‘salvation.’ He elaboratedRead MoreSocrates vs Protagoras1705 Words   |  7 PagesPhilosophy Socrates a sophist? Or just sophisticated? Plato goes a long way in attempting to distinguish Socrates from the likes of Protagoras, a self admitted sophist. In Protagoras, Socrates is depicted as a street smart, wisdom dispensing young man, brash with confidence and a bit of arrogance that goes a long way when confronted with the old school rhetoric of Protagoras. Plato begins to separate the two at the hip right from the get go. The dialogue between Socrates and his inquisitive friendRead MorePlatos Belief that the Human Soul is Immortal1297 Words   |  6 PagesThe Nicene Creed appointed the roles of trinity by using the familiar triad set forth by Plato. God maintains His position as the Father and most important; Jesus becomes a divine human - born of the Father and the Holy Spirit; and the Holy Spirit brings knowledge and truths which are set forth by both the Father and Son. â€Å"The true foundation upon which the doctrine rests is God himself†¦ it is God as he acted in history, entering our world as a Jewish c arpenter named Jesus, dying and rising againRead MoreA Comparison Of Thomas Mores Utopia, And The Symposium By Plato1607 Words   |  7 Pages Utopia by Thomas More, and The Symposium by Plato are similar in that they both challenge pre-existing notions in society. The two stories prompt readers to reconsider certain aspects of life which one might have found to be quite one-sided. Thomas More introduces us to an island called Utopia which serves as a model of perfection in each facet of everyday life. In The Symposium, Plato and his friends contribute distinctive interpretations on the origin and meaning of love. Both author’s purpose

Aurora Biosciences Corporation Free Essays

This is one of those picket and shovel companies in the Biotechnology sector. ABSC designs and develops drug discovery technologies and services. Aurora Biosciences is developing a system using fluorescent assay technologies and ultra-high-throughput screening systems (UHTSS) to allow researchers to overcome many limitations of traditional drug discovery processes. We will write a custom essay sample on Aurora Biosciences Corporation or any similar topic only for you Order Now Aurora’s functional genomics technology can successfully analyze over half a billion discrete cells derived from 20 million independent GenomeScreen(TM) clones in one day. It’s GenomeScreen(TM) technology acts as a search engine to rapidly scan the genome of living, human cells to find genes associated with specified diseases or physiological processes. ABSC has technology capable of searching through expansive libraries of compounds to identify those that might lead to new medicines. This enables Aurora to rapidly identify commercially relevant genes, and to directly develop screens for drug discovery, faster and more efficiently than existing methods. To date, Aurora has filed for patent protection on over 100 previously unknown gene sequences, including their use for compound screening, human diagnostics and drug discovery. ge ·nome – set of chromosomes: the full complement of genetic information that an individual organism inherits from its parents, especially the set of chromosomes and the genes they carry. A genome is the complete collection of an organism’s genetic material. The human genome is made of about 50,000 to 100,000 genes located on the 23 pairs of chromosomes in a human cell. A single human chromosome may contain more than 250 million DNA base pairs, and it is estimated that the entire human genome consists of about 3 billion base pairs. Genetic information is found in each cell of the body, encoded in the chemical deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). The ultimate goal of genomic mapping and sequencing is to associate specific human traits and inherited diseases with genes at locations on the chromosomes. The successful completion of the genome project will provide a better understanding of the organization of human genes and chromosomes. It promises to revolutionize both therapeutic and preventive medicine by providing insights into the basic biochemical processes that cause many Human diseases. Celera (CRA) will soon reveal the sequence of the genome. When completed it will steer to a new great scientific challenge. The big commercial challenge after the completion of the genome will be to understand the function of the genes identified. (This market will be colossal) Aurora stands at the crossroads of this challenge by conducting the gene discovery while at the same time assigning function information to the genes. With their GenomeScreen technology, they’re in the business of discovering what genes actually do. So a challenge to sequence-based patents would likely heat up demand for Aurora’s technology. (Ok, it gets complicated here so just bare with me) Currently, about 20% of discovery programs are based on genomics. In fact, it has been predicted that virtually all new discovery programs will be genomics based in a few years. A major challenge for the pharmaceutical industry is to determine which of these â€Å"targets† is significant from the drug discovery perspective (meaning $$$). To do this, companies must assign functions to the targets (what it does). Once the target has been identified, you still have to build a screen to find drugs that affect the target, a process which takes up to a year. Aurora’s Genomics and Molecular Biology division has developed a technology to overcome these challenges. The value that Aurora brings to this process is added at all stages, from gene identification to target validation to screening compounds to the compounds themselves. In other words, it does important (cool) stuff that makes the company the good old American dollar bill. Revenue in 1999 was 90% higher than in 1998. Aurora has grown from $2 million in revenue in 1996 to $50 million in revenue in 1999, compared to revenue of $26.5 million and a net loss of $18.7 million, or $1.14 per share, for the year ended December 31, 1998. This year ABSC is expected to make $.19 and $.34 in 2001. Last year ABSC made $.01 per share, its EPS growth is expected to be 1750% this year and 82.43% in 2001. From three months ago its earnings have been raised 11.7% for 2000 and 21.4% for 2001. In the past four quarters is has beat expectations by between 18.75% and 54.55%. It is estimated that it†s growth for the next five years will be around 50%. ABSC has a proprietary enabling technology, agreements with almost every major pharma co., forecast profitability, high growth, strong management team, track record of exceeding earnings forecast, growth industry, small float leading to great price elasticity, and one positive press release after another and most importantly an explosive market. The future of this company is very bright. This sector is very volatile, this is a long term hold. The price hit a high of $140 a few months and has now dropped to $31 7/8. The reason for the drop was due to President Clinton†s comments concerning the Human Genome. Those comments do not affect ABSC, but because the shareholders did not know what Aurora Biosciences does they sold when Clinton said something negative about genomics. He said that when the Human Genome was decoded it would have to be shared. ABSC benefits from genome, it does not sell it. Current customers include American Home Products, Becton Dickinson, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Clontech Laboratories, Inc., Cystic Fibrosis Foundation, Cytovia, Inc., Eli Lilly and Company, Exelixis Pharmaceuticals, F. Hoffmann- LaRoche Ltd., Genentech, Inc., Glaxo Wellcome, Merck Co., Inc., National Cancer Institute, Pfizer, Inc., Pharmacia Upjohn, Inc. and Warner-Lambert Disclaimer: (its really good and it took me a lot of time to phrase it just right, so please read it) I know that the future growth might sound too good to be true and it might actually. And remember these are only ESTIMATES and no matter how conservative I make them sound the company might not fulfill them. This is not an investment advisory service, it is recommended that you consult with a licensed financial advisor before making any investment decisions. The information herein should not be construed as an offer to buy or sell securities. The information is taken from sources thought to be accurate but there is no guarantee. All due diligence should be done by the reader or their financial advisor. How to cite Aurora Biosciences Corporation, Essay examples